Question # 1
Scenario 9: OpenTech provides IT and communications services. It helps data
communication enterprises and network operators become multi-service providers During
an internal audit, its internal auditor, Tim, has identified nonconformities related to the
monitoring procedures He identified and evaluated several system Invulnerabilities.
Tim found out that user IDs for systems and services that process sensitive information
have been reused and the access control policy has not been followed After analyzing the
root causes of this nonconformity, the ISMS project manager developed a list of possible
actions to resolve the nonconformity. Then, the ISMS project manager analyzed the list and
selected the activities that would allow the elimination of the root cause and the prevention
of a similar situation in the future. These activities were included in an action plan The
action plan, approved by the top management, was written as follows:
A new version of the access control policy will be established and new restrictions will be
created to ensure that network access is effectively managed and monitored by the
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department
The approved action plan was implemented and all actions described in the plan were
documented.
Based on scenario 9. did the ISMS project manager complete the corrective action process
appropriately? | | A. Yes, the corrective action process should include the identification of the nonconformity,
situation analysis, and implementation of corrective actions
| | B. No, the corrective action did not address the root cause of the nonconformity
| | C. No, the corrective action process should also include the review of the implementation of
the selected actions |
C. No, the corrective action process should also include the review of the implementation of
the selected actions
Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, the corrective action process consists of
the following steps12:
-
Reacting to the nonconformity and, as applicable, taking action to control and
correct it and deal with the consequences.
-
Evaluating the need for action to eliminate the root cause(s) of the nonconformity,
in order that it does not recur or occur elsewhere.
-
Implementing the action needed.
-
Reviewing the effectiveness of the corrective action taken.
-
Making changes to the information security management system, if necessary.
In scenario 9, the ISMS project manager did not complete the last step of reviewing the
effectiveness of the corrective action taken. This step is important to verify that the
corrective action has achieved the intended results and that no adverse effects have been
introduced. The review can be done by using various methods, such as audits, tests,
inspections, or performance indicators3. Therefore, the ISMS project manager did not
complete the corrective action process appropriately.
Question # 2
Scenario 2: Beauty is a cosmetics company that has recently switched to an e-commerce
model, leaving the traditional retail. The top management has decided to build their own
custom platform in-house and outsource the payment process to an external provider
operating online payments systems that support online money transfers.
Due to this transformation of the business model, a number of security controls were
implemented based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities associated to critical assets.
To protect customers' information. Beauty's employees had to sign a confidentiality
agreement. In addition, the company reviewed all user access rights so that only
authorized personnel can have access to sensitive files and drafted a new segregation of
duties chart.
However, the transition was difficult for the IT team, who had to deal with a security incident
not long after transitioning to the e commerce model. After investigating the incident, the
team concluded that due to the out-of-date anti-malware software, an attacker gamed
access to their files and exposed customers' information, including their names and home
addresses.
The IT team decided to stop using the old anti-malware software and install a new one
which would automatically remove malicious code in case of similar incidents. The new
software was installed in every workstation within the company. After installing the new
software, the team updated it with the latest malware definitions and enabled the automatic
update feature to keep it up to date at all times. Additionally, they established an
authentication process that requires a user identification and password when accessing
sensitive information.
In addition, Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the
IT team and other employees that have access to confidential information in order to raise
awareness on the importance of system and network security.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
After investigating the incident. Beauty decided to install a new anti-malware software.
What type of security control has been implemented in this case? | | A. Preventive | | B. Detective | | C. Corrective |
C. Corrective
Explanation: A corrective security control is a type of control that is implemented to restore
the normal operations of a system or network after a security incident or breach has
occurred. Corrective controls aim to mitigate the impact of the incident, prevent further
damage, and restore the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information and assets affected by the incident. Examples of corrective controls include backup and
recovery, disaster recovery plans, incident response teams, and anti-malware software.
In this case, Beauty decided to install a new anti-malware software after investigating the
incident that exposed customers’ information due to the out-of-date anti-malware software.
The new anti-malware software is a corrective control because it is intended to remove the
malicious code that compromised the system and prevent similar incidents from happening
again. The new anti-malware software also helps to restore the trust and confidence of the
customers and the reputation of the company.
Question # 3
| 'The ISMS covers all departments within Company XYZ that have access to customers'
data. The purpose of the ISMS is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
customers' data, and ensure compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements
regarding information security." What does this statement ^"describe? | | A. The information systems boundary of the ISMS scope
| | B. The organizational boundaries of the ISMS scope
| | C. The physical boundary of the ISMS scope |
B. The organizational boundaries of the ISMS scope
Explanation: The statement describes the organizational boundaries of the ISMS scope,
which define which parts of the organization are included or excluded from the ISMS. The
organizational boundaries can be based on criteria such as departments, functions,
processes, activities, or locations. In this case, the statement specifies that the ISMS
covers all departments within Company XYZ that have access to customers’ data, and
excludes the ones that do not. The statement also explains the purpose of the ISMS, which
is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of customers’ data, and ensure
compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements regarding information security.
The statement does not describe the information systems boundary of the ISMS scope,
which defines which information systems are included or excluded from the ISMS. The
information systems boundary can be based on criteria such as hardware, software,
networks, databases, or applications. The statement does not mention any specific
information systems that are covered by the ISMS.
The statement also does not describe the physical boundary of the ISMS scope, which
defines which physical locations are included or excluded from the ISMS. The physical
boundary can be based on criteria such as buildings, rooms, cabinets, or devices. The
statement does not mention any specific physical locations that are covered by the ISMS.
Question # 4
Scenario 8: SunDee is an American biopharmaceutical company, headquartered in
California, the US. It specializes in developing novel human therapeutics, with a focus on
cardiovascular diseases, oncology, bone health, and inflammation. The company has had
an information security management system (ISMS) based on SO/IEC 27001 in place for
the past two years. However, it has not monitored or measured the performance and
effectiveness of its ISMS and conducted management reviews regularly.
Just before the recertification audit, the company decided to conduct an internal audit. It
also asked most of their staff to compile the written individual reports of the past two years
for their departments. This left the Production Department with less than the optimum
workforce, which decreased the company's stock.
Tessa was SunDee's internal auditor. With multiple reports written by 50 different
employees, the internal audit process took much longer than planned, was very
inconsistent, and had no qualitative measures whatsoever Tessa concluded that SunDee
must evaluate the performance of the ISMS adequately. She defined SunDee's negligence
of ISMS performance evaluation as a major nonconformity, so she wrote a nonconformity
report including the description of the nonconformity, the audit findings, and
recommendations. Additionally, Tessa created a new plan which would enable SunDee to
resolve these issues and presented it to the top management.
According to scenario 8, Tessa created a plan for ISMS monitoring and measurement and
presented it to the top management Is this acceptable? | | A. No, Tessa should only communicate the issues found to the top management
| | B. Yes, Tessa can advise the top management on improving the company's functions
| | C. No, Tessa must implement all the improvements needed for issues found during the
audit |
B. Yes, Tessa can advise the top management on improving the company's functions
Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer course, one of the
roles and responsibilities of an internal auditor is to provide recommendations for
improvement based on the audit findings1. Therefore, Tessa can create a plan for ISMS
monitoring and measurement and present it to the top management as a way of advising
them on how to improve the company’s functions. However, Tessa is not responsible for
implementing the improvements or communicating the issues found to the top management. Those tasks belong to the process owners and the management
representative, respectively.
Question # 5
| The IT Department of a financial institution decided to implement preventive controls to
avoid potential security breaches. Therefore, they separated the development, testing, and
operating equipment, secured their offices, and used cryptographic keys. However, they
are seeking further measures to enhance their security and minimize the risk of security
breaches. Which of the following controls would help the IT Department achieve this
objective? | | A. Alarms to detect risks related to heat, smoke, fire, or water
| | B. Change all passwords of all systems
| | C. An access control software to restrict access to sensitive files |
C. An access control software to restrict access to sensitive files
Explanation: An access control software is a type of preventive control that is designed to
limit the access to sensitive files and information based on the user’s identity, role, or
authorization level. An access control software helps to protect the confidentiality, integrity,
and availability of the information by preventing unauthorized users from viewing,
modifying, or deleting it. An access control software also helps to create an audit trail that
records who accessed what information and when, which can be useful for accountability
and compliance purposes.
The IT Department of a financial institution decided to implement preventive controls to
avoid potential security breaches. Therefore, they separated the development, testing, and
operating equipment, secured their offices, and used cryptographic keys. However, they
are seeking further measures to enhance their security and minimize the risk of security
breaches. An access control software would help the IT Department achieve this objective
by adding another layer of protection to their sensitive files and information, and ensuring
that only authorized personnel can access them.
Question # 6
| An organization wants to enable the correlation and analysis of security-related events and
other recorded data and to support investigations into information security incidents. Which
control should it implement? | | A. Use of privileged utility programs
| | B. Clock synchronization
| | C. Installation of software on operational systems |
B. Clock synchronization
Explanation: Clock synchronization is the control that enables the correlation and analysis
of security-related events and other recorded data and to support investigations into
information security incidents. According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A, control A.8.23.1
states: “The clocks of all relevant information processing systems within an organization or
security domain shall be synchronized with an agreed accurate time source.” This ensures
that the timestamps of the events and data are consistent and accurate across different
systems and sources, which facilitates the identification of causal relationships, patterns,
trends, and anomalies. Clock synchronization also helps to establish the sequence of
events and the responsibility of the parties involved in an incident.
Question # 7
| An organization has implemented a control that enables the company to manage storage
media through their life cycle of use. acquisition, transportation and disposal. Which control
category does this control belong to? | | A. Organizational | | B. Physical | | C. Technological |
B. Physical
Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, the control that enables the organization
to manage storage media through their life cycle of use, acquisition, transportation and
disposal belongs to the category of physical and environmental security. This category
covers the controls that prevent unauthorized physical access, damage and interference to
the organization’s information and information processing facilities. The specific control
objective for this control is A.11.2.7 Secure disposal or reuse of equipment1, which states
that "equipment containing storage media shall be checked to ensure that any sensitive
data and licensed software has been removed or securely overwritten prior to disposal or
reuse."
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