Question # 1
A penetration tester needs to complete cleanup activities from the testing lead. Which of the following should the tester do to validate that reverse shell payloads are no longer running? | | A. Run scripts to
terminate the implant on affected hosts. | | B. Spin down the C2
listeners. | | C. Restore the firewall
settings of the original affected hosts. | | D. Exit from C2 listener
active sessions. |
A. Run scripts to
terminate the implant on affected hosts.
To ensure that reverse shell payloads are no longer running, it is essential to actively terminate any implanted malware or scripts. Here’s why option A is correct: Run Scripts to Terminate the Implant: This ensures that any reverse shell payloads or malicious implants are actively terminated on the affected hosts. It is a direct and effective method to clean up after a penetration test. Spin Down the C2 Listeners: This stops the command and control listeners but does not remove the implants from the hosts. Restore the Firewall Settings: This is important for network security but does not directly address the termination of active implants. Exit from C2 Listener Active Sessions: This closes the current sessions but does not ensure that implants are terminated. References from Pentest: Anubis HTB: Demonstrates the process of cleaning up and ensuring that all implants are removed after an assessment. Forge HTB: Highlights the importance of thoroughly cleaning up and terminating any payloads or implants to leave the environment secure post-assessment.
Question # 2
During a penetration test, the tester uses a vulnerability scanner to collect information about any possible vulnerabilities that could be used to compromise the network. The tester receives the results and then executes the following command:
snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.1.23
Which of the following is the tester trying to do based on the command they used? | | A. Bypass defensive systems to collect more information. | | B. Use an automation tool to perform the attacks.
| | C. Script exploits to gain access to the systems and host.
| | D. Validate the results and remove false positives.
|
D. Validate the results and remove false positives.
Explanation:
The command snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.1.23 is used to query SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) data from a device. Here’s the purpose in the context provided:
SNMP Enumeration:
Function: snmpwalk is used to retrieve a large amount of information from the target device using SNMP.
Version: -v 2c specifies the SNMP version.
Community String: -c public specifies the community string, which is essentially a password for SNMP queries.
Purpose of the Command:
Validate Results: The tester uses SNMP to gather detailed information about the network devices to confirm the findings of the vulnerability scanner and remove any false positives.
Detailed Information: SNMP can provide detailed information about device configurations, network interfaces, and other settings that can validate the scanner’s results.
Comparison with Other Options:
Bypassing Defensive Systems (A): Not directly related to SNMP enumeration.
Using Automation Tools (B): While SNMPwalk is automated, the primary purpose here is validation.
Script Exploits (C): SNMPwalk is not used for scripting exploits but for information gathering.
By using snmpwalk, the tester is validating the results from the vulnerability scanner and removing any false positives, ensuring accurate reporting.
=================
Question # 3
| Which of the following post-exploitation activities allows a penetration tester to maintain persistent access in a compromised system? | | A. Creating registry keys | | B. Installing a bind shell
| | C. Executing a process injection
| | D. Setting up a reverse SSH connection
|
A. Creating registry keys
Question # 4
| A penetration tester needs to identify all vulnerable input fields on a customer website. Which of the following tools would be best suited to complete this request?
| | A. DAST | | B. SAST | | C. IAST | | D. SCA |
A. DAST
Question # 5
| A penetration tester is conducting a vulnerability scan. The tester wants to see any vulnerabilities that may be visible from outside of the organization. Which of the following scans should the penetration tester perform? | | A. SAST | | B. Sidecar | | C. Unauthenticated | | D. Host-based
|
C. Unauthenticated
Explanation:
To see any vulnerabilities that may be visible from outside of the organization, the penetration tester should perform an unauthenticated scan.
Explanation:
Unauthenticated Scan:
Definition: An unauthenticated scan is conducted without providing any credentials to the scanning tool. It simulates the perspective of an external attacker who does not have any prior access to the system.
Purpose: Identifies vulnerabilities that are exposed to the public and can be exploited without authentication. This includes open ports, outdated software, and misconfigurations visible to the outside world.
Comparison with Other Scans:
SAST (Static Application Security Testing): Analyzes source code for vulnerabilities, typically used during the development phase and not suitable for external vulnerability scanning.
Sidecar: This term is generally associated with microservices architecture and is not relevant to the context of vulnerability scanning.
Host-based: Involves scanning from within the network and often requires authenticated access to the host to identify vulnerabilities. It is not suitable for determining external vulnerabilities.
Pentest References:
External Vulnerability Assessment: Conducting unauthenticated scans helps identify the attack surface exposed to external threats and prioritizes vulnerabilities that are accessible from the internet.
Tools: Common tools for unauthenticated scanning include Nessus, OpenVAS, and Nmap.
By performing an unauthenticated scan, the penetration tester can identify vulnerabilities that an external attacker could exploit without needing any credentials or internal access.
=================
Question # 6
| Which of the following tasks would ensure the key outputs from a penetration test are not lost as part of the cleanup and restoration activities? | | A. Preserving artifacts
| | B. Reverting configuration changes
| | C. Keeping chain of custody
| | D. Exporting credential data
|
A. Preserving artifacts
Explanation:
Preserving artifacts ensures that key outputs from the penetration test, such as logs, screenshots, captured data, and any generated reports, are retained for analysis, reporting, and future reference.
Importance of Preserving Artifacts:
Documentation: Provides evidence of the test activities and findings.
Verification: Allows for verification and validation of the test results.
Reporting: Ensures that all critical data is available for the final report.
Types of Artifacts:
Logs: Capture details of the tools used, commands executed, and their outputs.
Screenshots: Visual evidence of the steps taken and findings.
Captured Data: Includes network captures, extracted credentials, and other sensitive information.
Reports: Interim and final reports summarizing the findings and recommendations.
Best Practices:
Secure Storage: Ensure artifacts are stored securely to prevent unauthorized access.
Backups: Create backups of critical artifacts to avoid data loss.
Documentation: Maintain detailed documentation of all artifacts for future reference.
References from Pentesting Literature:
Preserving artifacts is a standard practice emphasized in penetration testing methodologies to ensure comprehensive documentation and reporting of the test.
HTB write-ups often include references to preserved artifacts to support the findings and conclusions.
Step-by-Step ExplanationReferences:
Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
HTB Official Writeups
Question # 7
A penetration tester attempts to run an automated web application scanner against a target URL. The tester validates that the web page is accessible from a different device. The tester analyzes the following HTTP request header logging output:
200; GET /login.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: foo.com; User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
200; GET /login.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: foo.com; User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
No response; POST /login.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: foo.com; User-Agent: curl
200; POST /login.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: foo.com; User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
No response; GET /login.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: foo.com; User-Agent: python
Which of the following actions should the tester take to get the scans to work properly? | | A. Modify the scanner to slow down the scan. | | B. Change the source IP with a VPN. | | C. Modify the scanner to only use HTTP GET requests. | | D. Modify the scanner user agent. |
D. Modify the scanner user agent.
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