Question # 1
| What are two reasons why time synchronization between FortiGate and its managed FortiSwitch is critical in switch management? (Choose two.) | | A. FortiSwitch does not retain its time after a reboot, which gets reset after each reboot. | | B. FortiSwitch will not be able to become an NTP server for downstream devices. | | C. FortiSwitch cannot complete the DTLS handshake used in the CAPWAP tunnel. | | D. FortiSwitch will not allow other FortiSwitch devices in the chain be discovered by FortiGate. |
A. FortiSwitch does not retain its time after a reboot, which gets reset after each reboot.
C. FortiSwitch cannot complete the DTLS handshake used in the CAPWAP tunnel.
Explanation:
Time synchronization between FortiGate and its managed FortiSwitch devices is essential for several reasons:
A. FortiSwitch does not retain its time after a reboot, which gets reset after each reboot.This characteristic of FortiSwitch underlines the importance of time synchronization with FortiGate. Since FortiSwitch loses its time settings upon reboot, synchronizing with FortiGate ensures that its system clock is accurate, which is vital for logging, troubleshooting, and security timestamping.
C. FortiSwitch cannot complete the DTLS handshake used in the CAPWAP tunnel.Accurate time synchronization is crucial for security protocols such as DTLS, which rely on timestamped certificates for establishing a secure connection. If the time on FortiSwitch is not synchronized with FortiGate, the DTLS handshake used in the CAPWAP tunnel for secure communication may fail due to time discrepancies, impacting the management and operation of the switch.
Question # 2
| Which drop policy mode, if assigned to a congested port, will drop incoming packets until there is no congestion on the egress port? | | A. Tail-drop mode | | B. Weighted round robin mode. | | C. Random early detection mode | | D. Strict mode |
A. Tail-drop mode
Explanation:
Tail-drop mode is a congestion management technique used in network devices, including FortiSwitches, to handle congestion on network ports:
Tail-Drop Mode (A):
Behavior: When a queue reaches its maximum capacity on a congested port, tail-drop mode simply drops any incoming packets that arrive after the buffer is full. This continues until the congestion is alleviated and there is space in the queue to accommodate new packets.
Application: This is a straightforward approach used when the device’s buffer allocated to the port becomes full due to sustained high traffic, preventing buffer overflow and maintaining system stability.
References:
For more details on congestion management techniques and settings on FortiSwitch, you can refer to the configuration manuals available on: Fortinet Product Documentation
Question # 3
| Which feature should you enable to reduce the number or unwanted IGMP reports processed by the IGMP querier? | | A. Enable the IGMP flood setting on the static port for all multicast groups. | | B. Enable the IGMP flood reports setting on the mRouter port. | | C. Enable IGMP snooping proxy. | | D. Enable IGMP flood unknown multicast traffic on the global setting. |
C. Enable IGMP snooping proxy.
Explanation:
Enable IGMP snooping proxy (C): To reduce the number of unwanted IGMP reports processed by the IGMP querier, enabling IGMP snooping proxy is effective. This feature acts as an intermediary between multicast routers and hosts, optimizing the management of IGMP messages by handling report messages locally and reducing unnecessary IGMP traffic across the network. This minimizes the processing load on the IGMP querier and improves overall network efficiency.
Question # 4
| How does FortiSwitch perform actions on ingress and egress traffic using the access control list (ACL)? | | A. Only high-end FortiSwitch models support ACL. | | B. ACL can be used only at the prelookup stage in the traffic processing pipeline. | | C. Classifiers enable matching traffic based only on the VLAN ID. | | D. FortiSwitch checks ACL policies only from top to bottom. |
D. FortiSwitch checks ACL policies only from top to bottom.
Explanation:
In FortiSwitch, Access Control Lists (ACLs) are used to enforce security rules on both ingress and egress traffic:
ACL Evaluation Order (D):
Operational Function: FortiSwitch processes ACL entries from top to bottom, similar to how firewall rules are processed. The first match in the ACL determines the action taken on the packet, whether to allow or deny it, making the order of rules critical.
Configuration Advice: Careful planning of the order of ACL rules is necessary to ensure that more specific rules precede more general ones to avoid unintentional access or blocks.
References:
For a comprehensive guide on configuring ACLs in FortiSwitch, consult the FortiSwitch security settings documentation available on: Fortinet Product Documentation
Question # 5
| What can an administrator do to maintain a FortiGate-compatible FortiSwitch configuration when changing the management mode from standalone to FortiLinK? | | A. Use a migration tool based on Python script to convert the configuration. | | B. Enable the FortiLink setting on FortiSwitch before the authorization process. | | C. FortiGate automatically saves the existing FortiSwitch configuration during the FortiLink management process. | | D. Register FortiSwitch to FortiSwitch Cloud to save a copy before managing with FortiGate. |
C. FortiGate automatically saves the existing FortiSwitch configuration during the FortiLink management process.
Explanation:
When transitioning the management of a FortiSwitch from standalone mode to being managed by FortiGate via FortiLink, it is critical to ensure that the existing configurations are preserved. The best practice involves:
FortiGate's Role in Configuration Preservation:FortiGate has the capability to automatically preserve the existing configuration of a FortiSwitch when it is integrated into the network via FortiLink. This feature helps ensure that the transition does not disrupt the network's operational settings.
Configuration Integration:As FortiSwitch is integrated into FortiGate's management via FortiLink, FortiGate captures and integrates the existing switch configuration, enabling a seamless transition. This process involves FortiGate recognizing the FortiSwitch and its current setup, then incorporating these settings into the centralized management interface without the need for manual reconfiguration or the use of additional tools.
References:
For further details on managing FortiSwitch with FortiGate and the capabilities of FortiLink,
consult the FortiSwitch and FortiGate integration guide available on:Fortinet Product Documentation
Question # 6
| Which two statements about 802.1X authentication on FortiSwitch ports are true? (Choose two.) | | A. All hosts behind an authenticated port are allowed access after a successful authentica-tion. | | B. A security policy is used to apply 802.1 authentication on a port. | | C. A local user database must be used to authenticate devices using the 802.1X authentica-tion protocol. | | D. All devices connecting to FortiSwitch must support 802.1X authentication. |
A. All hosts behind an authenticated port are allowed access after a successful authentica-tion.
D. All devices connecting to FortiSwitch must support 802.1X authentication.
Explanation:
All hosts behind an authenticated port are allowed access after a successful authentication (A): Once a device on a port successfully authenticates using 802.1X, all other devices connected behind that port also gain network access. This is typical in scenarios where a switch is behind an authenticated port and not each device individually authenticates.
All devices connecting to FortiSwitch must support 802.1X authentication (D): For a network secured with 802.1X, all devices attempting to connect through the FortiSwitch must support and participate in 802.1X authentication to gain access. This ensures that all devices on the network are authenticated before they are allowed to communicate on the network.
Question # 7
| Which interfaces on FortiSwitch send out FortiLink discovery frames by default in order to detect a FortiGate with an enabled FortiLink interface? | | A. All ports have auto-discovery enabled by default. | | B. No ports are enabled by default for auto-discovery. This must be configured under config switch interface. | | C. The ports with auto-discovery enabled by default are dependent upon the FortiSwitch model. | | D. The last four switch ports on FortiSwitch have auto-discovery enabled by default. |
A. All ports have auto-discovery enabled by default.
Explanation:
Fortinet FortiLink Protocol: The FortiLink protocol is Fortinet's proprietary mechanism for managing FortiSwitch units from a FortiGate firewall. It simplifies configuration and security policy enforcement across the connected network devices.
Auto-Discovery: FortiLink's auto-discovery feature means that by default, all ports on a FortiSwitch will actively send out discovery frames. This allows them to locate a FortiGate device that has a FortiLink interface enabled, streamlining the device management process.
No Configuration Needed: You don't have to manually configure individual ports for FortiLink discovery on FortiSwitch devices.
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