Question # 1
| Which two rules used by MSTP are similar to rules used by other STP methods? (Choose two.) | | A. MSTP uses port role election, similar to rapid STP on the instances. | | B. MSTP uses alternate path and primary path, similar to regular STP. | | C. MSTP uses root bridge selection, similar to rapid STP | | D. MSTP uses timers for transitioning the ports, similar to regular STP. |
C. MSTP uses root bridge selection, similar to rapid STP
D. MSTP uses timers for transitioning the ports, similar to regular STP.
Explanation:
MSTP maintains core concepts of spanning tree protocols, making these answers correct:
Root Bridge Selection: Like all STP variants, MSTP elects a root bridge for each MST instance (MSTI).expand_more Each MSTI has its own spanning tree topology, and the root bridge determination process is essential.
Port State Timers: MSTP relies on timers (Hello, Forward Delay, Max Age) to control transitions between port states (Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding) – a fundamental principle shared with other STP implementations.expand_more
Why Other Options Are Less Accurate:
A. MSTP uses port role election, similar to rapid STP on the instances.While port roles exist in MSTP, there are nuanced differences compared to RSTP. MSTP assigns port roles within each MSTI, not on a global, per-switch basis like RSTP.
B. MSTP uses alternate path and primary path, similar to regular STP. The concept of alternate and root ports exists in classic STP. MSTP utilizes a different approach within each MSTI, potentially using multiple active paths at the same time.
Question # 2
| In which two ways can you assign a FortiSwitch port to a VDOM using multi-tenancy setup? (Choose two.) | | A. Switch the FortiLink interface to the target VDOM. | | B. Remove the managed FortiSwitch and allocate ports directly on FortiSwitch. | | C. Create a virtual port pool on the FortiGate CLI. | | D. Assign a port to a VDOM directly on the managed FortiSwitch. |
A. Switch the FortiLink interface to the target VDOM.
C. Create a virtual port pool on the FortiGate CLI.
Explanation:
In a multi-tenancy setup on FortiGate, you can assign a FortiSwitch port to a VDOM in two primary ways:
Switch the FortiLink Interface to the Target VDOM (A): This method involves configuring the FortiLink interface, which is the dedicated interface used to manage FortiSwitch units from FortiGate, to operate within a specific VDOM. This effectively assigns all ports on the FortiSwitch, managed through that FortiLink interface, to the designated VDOM.
Create a Virtual Port Pool on the FortiGate CLI (C): Virtual port pools are created on FortiGate and allow ports from FortiSwitch to be grouped and assigned to a VDOM. This method is more granular and flexible, as it allows specific ports on the FortiSwitch to be dedicated to different VDOMs without requiring the entire switch or FortiLink interface to be dedicated to a single VDOM.
Question # 3
| How does FortiGate handle configuration of flow tracking sampling if you export the settings to a managed FortiSwitch stack with sampling mode set to perimeter is true? | | A. FortiGate configures FortiSwitch to perform ingress sampling on all switch interfaces. | | B. FortiGate configures FortiSwitch to perform ingress sampling on all switch interfaces, except ICL and ISL interfaces. | | C. FortiGate configures and enables flow sampling on FortiSwitch but does not change existing sampling settings of interfaces. | | D. FortiGate configures and enables egress sampling on all management interfaces. |
B. FortiGate configures FortiSwitch to perform ingress sampling on all switch interfaces, except ICL and ISL interfaces.
Explanation:
When FortiGate exports configuration settings to a managed FortiSwitch stack with sampling mode set to "perimeter is true," the behavior is:
B. FortiGate configures FortiSwitch to perform ingress sampling on all switch interfaces, except ICL and ISL interfaces.This setting ensures that all incoming traffic on normal operational ports is sampled for monitoring and analysis purposes, but it excludes the inter-chassis link (ICL) and inter-switch link (ISL) interfaces from sampling. These exclusions are typically made to prevent the duplication of sampled data and to reduce unnecessary load on the monitoring system, as these links often carry traffic already monitored at other points.
Options A and D are incorrect because they either generalize the sampling across all interfaces without exceptions or incorrectly specify egress sampling on management interfaces. Option C is also incorrect as FortiGate can modify existing sampling settings to fit the perimeter-based configuration requirement.
Question # 4
| Which two statements about managing a FortiSwitch stack on FortiGate are true? (Choose two.) | | A. A FortiLink interface must be enabled on FortiGate. | | B. The switch controller feature must be enabled on FortiGate. | | C. Only a hardware-based FortiGate can manage a FortiSwitch stack. | | D. FortiSwitch must be operating in standalone mode before authorization. |
A. A FortiLink interface must be enabled on FortiGate.
B. The switch controller feature must be enabled on FortiGate.
Explanation:
A FortiLink interface must be enabled on FortiGate (A): To manage a FortiSwitch stack, a dedicated FortiLink interface on the FortiGate is required. This interface is used to manage the communication between FortiGate and the FortiSwitch stack, enabling centralized control and configuration of the switches directly from the FortiGate.
The switch controller feature must be enabled on FortiGate (B): Enabling the switch controller feature on FortiGate allows it to manage connected FortiSwitch units. This feature provides tools and interfaces on the FortiGate for overseeing FortiSwitch configurations, monitoring switch status, and managing network policies across the stack.
Question # 5
| What type of multimode transceiver can be used to split a 40G port? | | A. QSFP+ transceiver | | B. SFP transceiver | | C. QSFP transceiver | | D. SFP+ transceiver |
A. QSFP+ transceiver
Explanation:
QSFP+ transceiver (A): The QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus) transceiver is designed to handle 40G data rates and can be used to split a 40G port into multiple 10G connections. This type of transceiver supports such configurations, making it suitable for high-density applications where multiple 10G connections are derived from a single 40G port, thereby maximizing the utilization of the port and the fiber infrastructure.
Question # 6
| FortiGate is unable to establish a tunnel with the FortiSwitch device it is supposed to manage Based on the debug output shown in the exhibit, what is the reason for the failure? | | A. The handshake process timed out before FortiSwitch responded. | | B. DTLS client hello had the incorrect pre-shared key. | | C. The CAPWAP tunnel failed to come up due to a mismatch in time. | | D. FortiSwitch has disabled FortiLink and is only managed as a standalone. |
C. The CAPWAP tunnel failed to come up due to a mismatch in time.
Explanation:
The issue described pertains to the establishment of a tunnel (likely a CAPWAP tunnel for management purposes between FortiGate and FortiSwitch). Based on typical error analysis in tunnel setup scenarios:
The CAPWAP tunnel failed to come up due to a mismatch in time (Option C): This answer is plausible because time synchronization is crucial for security protocols that underpin tunnel establishments, such as DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) used within CAPWAP tunnels. If the clocks on FortiGate and FortiSwitch are significantly out of sync, the security handshake (which can include timestamp validation) could fail, preventing the tunnel from coming up.
Question # 7
| What can an administrator do to maintain a FortiGate-compatible FortiSwitch configuration when changing the management mode from standalone to FortiLinK? | | A. Use a migration tool based on Python script to convert the configuration. | | B. Enable the FortiLink setting on FortiSwitch before the authorization process. | | C. FortiGate automatically saves the existing FortiSwitch configuration during the FortiLink management process. | | D. Register FortiSwitch to FortiSwitch Cloud to save a copy before managing with FortiGate. |
C. FortiGate automatically saves the existing FortiSwitch configuration during the FortiLink management process.
Explanation:
When transitioning the management of a FortiSwitch from standalone mode to being managed by FortiGate via FortiLink, it is critical to ensure that the existing configurations are preserved. The best practice involves:
FortiGate's Role in Configuration Preservation:FortiGate has the capability to automatically preserve the existing configuration of a FortiSwitch when it is integrated into the network via FortiLink. This feature helps ensure that the transition does not disrupt the network's operational settings.
Configuration Integration:As FortiSwitch is integrated into FortiGate's management via FortiLink, FortiGate captures and integrates the existing switch configuration, enabling a seamless transition. This process involves FortiGate recognizing the FortiSwitch and its current setup, then incorporating these settings into the centralized management interface without the need for manual reconfiguration or the use of additional tools.
References:
For further details on managing FortiSwitch with FortiGate and the capabilities of FortiLink,
consult the FortiSwitch and FortiGate integration guide available on:Fortinet Product Documentation
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