Question # 1
| You are asked to set up an IP fabric thatsupports Al or ML workloads. You have chosen to use lossless Ethernet in this scenario, which statement is correct about congestion management? | | A. The switch experiencing the congestion notifies the source device. | | B. Only the source and destination devices need ECN enabled. | | C. ECN marks packets based on WRED settings. | | D. ECN is negotiated only among the switches that make up the IP fabric for each queue. |
A. The switch experiencing the congestion notifies the source device.
Understanding Lossless Ethernet and Congestion Management:
Lossless Ethernet is crucial for AI and ML workloads, where packet loss can significantly degrade performance. To implement lossless Ethernet, congestion management protocols like ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) are used.
Role of ECN in Congestion Management:
Option A:In an IP fabric that supports lossless Ethernet, when a switch experiences congestion, it can mark packets using ECN. This marking notifies the source device of the congestion, allowing the source to reduce its transmission rate, thereby preventing packet loss.
Conclusion:
Option A:Correct—The switch experiencing congestion notifies the source device via ECN marking.
Question # 2
| You manage an IP fabric with an EVPN-VXLAN overlay. You have multiple tenants separated using multiple unique VRF instances. You want to determine the routing information that belongs in each routing instance's routing table.
In this scenario, which property is used for this purpose? | | A. the VRF target community | | B. the routing instance type | | C. the VRF table label | | D. the route distinguisher value |
D. the route distinguisher value
Explanation:
Understanding VRF and Routing Instances:
In an EVPN-VXLAN overlay network, multiple tenants are separated using unique VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) instances. Each VRF instance maintains its own routing table, allowing for isolated routing domains within the same network infrastructure.
Role of Route Distinguisher:
Route Distinguisher (RD):The RD is a unique identifier used in MPLS and EVPN environments to distinguish routes belonging to different VRFs. The RD is prepended to the IP address in the route advertisement, ensuring that routes from different tenants remain unique even if they use the same IP address range.
Correct Property:
D. the route distinguisher value:This is the correct answer because the RD is crucial in determining which routing information belongs to which VRF instance. It ensures that each VRF’s routing table only contains relevant routes, maintaining isolation between tenants.
Data Center References:
The RD is a key element in MPLS and EVPN-based multi-tenant environments, ensuring proper routing segregation and isolation for different VRFs within the data center fabric.
Question # 3
| You are deploying a Clos IP fabric with an oversubscription ratio of 3:1.
In this scenario, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.) | | A. The oversubscription ratio remains the same when you remove spine devices. | | B. The oversubscription ratio decreases when you add spine devices. | | C. The oversubscription ratio increases when you remove spine devices. | | D. The oversubscription ratio remains the same when you add spine devices. |
B. The oversubscription ratio decreases when you add spine devices.
C. The oversubscription ratio increases when you remove spine devices.
Understanding Oversubscription in a Clos Fabric:
The oversubscription ratio in a Clos IP fabric measures the ratio of the amount of edge (leaf) bandwidth to the core (spine) bandwidth. An oversubscription ratio of 3:1 means that there is three times more edge bandwidth compared to core bandwidth.
Impact of Adding/Removing Spine Devices:
Option C:If youremove spine devices, the total available core bandwidth decreases, while the edge bandwidth remains the same. This results in anincrease in the oversubscription ratiobecause there is now less core bandwidth to handle the same amount of edge traffic.
Option B:Conversely, if youadd spine devices, the total core bandwidth increases. This decreases the oversubscription ratio because more core bandwidth is available to handle the edge traffic.
Conclusion:
Option C:Correct—Removing spine devices increases the oversubscription ratio.
Option B:Correct—Adding spine devices decreases the oversubscription ratio.
Question # 4
Which two statements are correct about an IP fabric? (Choose two.)
| | A. All leaf devices can use the same AS number in an IP fabric without making any adjustments to the EBGP configuration | | B. The multipath multiple-as statement is required to enable ECMP if every device has a different AS number. | | C. Only a single point to point EBGP session is required between peers in an IP fabric. | | D. FBGP is only required to route mostrouting information to external devices outside the fabric. |
A. All leaf devices can use the same AS number in an IP fabric without making any adjustments to the EBGP configuration
B. The multipath multiple-as statement is required to enable ECMP if every device has a different AS number.
Explanation:
BGP in IP Fabric:
In an IP fabric, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used to manage the routing between leaf and spine devices. Each device can have the same or different Autonomous System (AS) numbers depending on the network design.
Multipath Multiple-AS:
Option B:If every device in the fabric has a different AS number, then enabling Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) routing requires the multipath multiple-as statement. This configuration allows BGP to consider multiple paths across different AS numbers as equal cost, enabling efficient load balancing across the network.
Same AS Number Configuration:
Option A:It's possible for all leaf devices to use the same AS number in an IP fabric, which simplifies the configuration. EBGP (External BGP) will still function correctly in this setup because BGP considers the peering relationship rather than strictly enforcing different AS numbers in this specific use case.
Conclusion:
Option B:Correct—This statement is essential for enabling ECMP in a multi-AS environment.
Option A:Correct—Leaf devices can share the same AS number without needing special EBGP configuration.
Question # 5
| You are asked to build redundant gateways in your EVPN-VXLAN environment, but you must conserve address space because these gateways must span across seven PES. What should you implement on the PEs lo satisfy these requirements? | | A. Use IRB interfaces with the same IP address and different MAC addresses. | | B. Use IRB interfaces with the same IP and VGA. | | C. Use IRB interfaces with the same IP and MAC address. | | D. Use IRB interfaces with different IP addresses and the same VGA. |
C. Use IRB interfaces with the same IP and MAC address.
Redundant Gateways in EVPN-VXLAN:
In an EVPN-VXLAN environment, providing redundant gateway functionality typically involves the use of Anycast Gateway. This allows multiple PEs (Provider Edge devices) to use the same IP address and MAC address for the gateway, enabling seamless failover and redundancy without IP conflicts.
Conserving Address Space:
Using the same IP address across multiple PEs conserves address space because only one IP address is needed for the gateway function, regardless of the number of PEs. The shared MAC address ensures that ARP resolution and forwarding behavior are consistent across all the PEs.
Conclusion:
Option C:Correct—Using IRB interfaces with the same IP and MAC address across all PEs satisfies the need for redundancy while conserving address space.
OptionsA, B,andDintroduce unnecessary complexity or do not fully utilize the efficient Anycast Gateway approach, which is best practice for conserving IP space and providing redundancy.
Question # 6
| What are three actions available tor MAC move limiting? (Choose three.) | | A. drop | | B. filter | | C. enable | | D. log | | E. shutdown |
A. drop
D. log
E. shutdown
Explanation:
MAC Move Limiting:
MAC move limiting is a security feature used in network switches to detect and mitigate rapid changes in MAC address locations, which could indicate a network issue or an attack such as MAC flapping or spoofing.
When a MAC address is learned on a different interface than it was previously learned, the switch can take various actions to prevent potential issues.
Available Actions:
A. drop:This action drops packets from the MAC address if it violates the move limit, effectively blocking communication from the offending MAC address.
D. log:This action logs the MAC move event without disrupting traffic, allowing network administrators to monitor and investigate the event.
E. shutdown:This action shuts down the interface on which the MAC address violation occurred, effectively stopping all traffic on that interface to prevent further issues.
Other Actions (Not Correct):
B. filter:Filtering is not typically associated with MAC move limiting; it generally refers to applying ACLs or other mechanisms to filter traffic.
C. enable:This is not an action related to MAC move limiting, as it does not represent a specific reaction to a MAC move event.
Data Center References:
MAC move limiting is crucial for maintaining network stability and security, particularly in environments with dynamic or large-scale Layer 2 networks where MAC addresses might frequently change locations.
Question # 7
| You are asked to automatically provision new Juniper Networks devices in your network with minimal manual intervention Before you begin, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.) | | A. You must have a DHCP server that provides the location of the software image and configuration files. | | B. You must have a system log (syslog) server to manage system log messages and alerts. | | C. You must have an NTP server to perform time synchronization. | | D. You must have a file server that stores software image and configuration files. |
A. You must have a DHCP server that provides the location of the software image and configuration files.
D. You must have a file server that stores software image and configuration files.
Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP):
ZTP is a feature that allows for the automatic provisioning of devices with minimal manual intervention. It is widely used in large-scale deployments to quickly bring new devices online.
Key Requirements for ZTP:
A. DHCP Server:A DHCP server is crucial for ZTP as it provides the necessary information to new devices, such as the IP address, the location of the software image, and configuration files.
D. File Server:The file server is where the software image and configuration files are stored. The device downloads these files during the provisioning process.
Incorrect Options:
B. Syslog Server:While a syslog server is important for logging and monitoring, it is not a requirement for the initial provisioning process.
C. NTP Server:An NTP server is used for time synchronization, which is essential for accurate logging and operation but not specifically required for ZTP.
Data Center References:
ZTP simplifies the deployment process by automating the initial configuration steps, relying heavily on DHCP for communication and a file server for delivering the necessary configuration and software.
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