Question # 1
| You are asked to set up an IP fabric thatsupports Al or ML workloads. You have chosen to use lossless Ethernet in this scenario, which statement is correct about congestion management? | | A. The switch experiencing the congestion notifies the source device. | | B. Only the source and destination devices need ECN enabled. | | C. ECN marks packets based on WRED settings. | | D. ECN is negotiated only among the switches that make up the IP fabric for each queue. |
A. The switch experiencing the congestion notifies the source device.
Understanding Lossless Ethernet and Congestion Management:
Lossless Ethernet is crucial for AI and ML workloads, where packet loss can significantly degrade performance. To implement lossless Ethernet, congestion management protocols like ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) are used.
Role of ECN in Congestion Management:
Option A:In an IP fabric that supports lossless Ethernet, when a switch experiences congestion, it can mark packets using ECN. This marking notifies the source device of the congestion, allowing the source to reduce its transmission rate, thereby preventing packet loss.
Conclusion:
Option A:Correct—The switch experiencing congestion notifies the source device via ECN marking.
Question # 2
You are designing a Layer 3 fabric underlay using EBGP. You will implement an EVPN-signaled VXLAN overlay on the Layer 3 fabric.
In this scenario, what must you do in the underlay to ensure that the VXLAN overlay will be able to function properly? | | A. The underlay should advertise the host-connected interfaces on all leaf devices. | | B. Each device in the underlay should advertise its loopback address. | | C. The underlay should be configured with a separate VRF for each potential tenant. | | D. The underlay should support the PIM protocol. |
B. Each device in the underlay should advertise its loopback address.
Question # 3
| You are deploying an IP fabric using EBGP and notice that your leaf devices areadvertising and receiving all the routes. However, the routes are not installed in the routing table and are marked as hidden.
Which two statements describe how to solve the issue? (Choose two.) | | A. You need to configure as-override. | | B. You need to configure a next-hop self policy. | | C. You need to configure loops 2. | | D. You need to configure multipath multiple-as. |
B. You need to configure a next-hop self policy.
D. You need to configure multipath multiple-as.
Explanation:
Issue Overview:
The leaf devices in an IP fabric using eBGP are advertising and receiving all routes, but the routes are not being installed in the routing table and are marked as hidden. Thistypically indicates an issue with the BGP configuration, particularly with next-hop handling or AS path concerns.
Corrective Actions:
B. You need to configure a next-hop self policy:This action ensures that the leaf devices modify the next-hop attribute to their own IP address before advertising routes to their peers. This is particularly important in eBGP setups where the next-hop may not be directly reachable by other peers.
D. You need to configure multipath multiple-as:This setting allows the router to accept multiple paths from different autonomous systems (ASes) and use them for load balancing. Without this, the BGP process might consider only one path and mark others as hidden.
Incorrect Statements:
A. You need to configure as-override:AS-override is used to replace the AS number in the AS-path attribute to prevent loop detection issues in MPLS VPNs, not in a typical eBGP IP fabric setup.
C. You need to configure loops 2:There is no specific BGP command loops 2 relevant to resolving hidden routes in this context. It might be confused with allowas-in, which is used to allow AS path loops under certain conditions.
Data Center References:
Proper BGP configuration is crucial in IP fabrics to ensure route propagation and to prevent routes from being marked as hidden. Configuration parameters like next-hop self and multipath multiple-as are common solutions to ensure optimal route installation and load balancing in a multi-vendor environment.
Question # 4
You work in a data center where VMs and hosts are frequently moved. Your design needs to eliminate inefficient traffic flows.
In this scenario, which two solutions will satisfy this requirement? (Choose two.) | | A. VXLAN | | B. EVPN | | C. VMTO | | D. VPLS |
B. EVPN
C. VMTO
Question # 5
| Which three statements are correct about symmetric IRB routing with EVPN Type 2 routes? (Choose three.) | | A. An L3 interface (IRB) is required for each local VLAN. | | B. Symmetric routing requires MAC-VRF. | | C. Symmetric routing supports the EVPN service VLAN bundle. | | D. Symmetric routing requires an extra transit VNI for each VRF. | | E. Symmetric routing is less efficient than asymmetric routing. |
A. An L3 interface (IRB) is required for each local VLAN.
B. Symmetric routing requires MAC-VRF.
D. Symmetric routing requires an extra transit VNI for each VRF.
Symmetric IRB Routing with EVPN Type 2 Routes:
Symmetric Routing: In symmetric IRB (Integrated Routing and Bridging), routing occurs in both directions at the ingress and egress leaf nodes using the same routing logic. This is contrasted with asymmetric routing, where different routing logic is used depending on the direction of the traffic.
Required Components:
Option A:An L3 IRB interface is necessary for each VLAN that participates in routing, as it handles the Layer 3 processing for the VLAN.
Option B:MAC-VRF is required for symmetric routing to maintain a mapping of MAC addresses to the appropriate VRF, ensuring correct forwarding within the EVPN.
Option D:A transit VNI (Virtual Network Identifier) is required for each VRF to encapsulate the Layer 3 traffic as it traverses the network, allowing the IP traffic to be appropriately forwarded.
Conclusion:
Option A:Correct—Each local VLAN needs an IRB interface for L3 processing.
Option B:Correct—MAC-VRF is necessary for handling MAC address resolution in symmetric routing.
Option D:Correct—Transit VNIs are required for routing VRF-specific traffic across the network.
OptionsCandEare incorrect because:
C:Symmetric routing can work with various VLAN models, including single or multiple VLANs within an EVPN instance.
E:Symmetric routing is generally more efficient than asymmetric routing as it uses consistent routing logic in both directions.
Question # 6
| Your organization is implementing EVPN-VXLAN and requires multiple overlapping VLAN-IDs. You decide to use a routing-instance type mac-vrf to satisfy this request.
Which two statements are correct in this scenario? (Choose two.) | | A. Host-facing interfaces must be configured using a service-provider style configuration. | | B. Host-facing interfaces must be configured using enterprise-style configuration. | | C. Spine-facing interfaces must be configured using an enterprise-styleconfiguration. | | D. The routing-instance service type can be VLAN-based. |
A. Host-facing interfaces must be configured using a service-provider style configuration.
D. The routing-instance service type can be VLAN-based.
Explanation:
Understanding the Scenario:
EVPN-VXLAN deployments often involve scenarios where multiple tenants or applications require overlapping VLAN IDs, which can be managed using the mac-vrf routing instance type. This allows you to segregate traffic within the same VLAN ID across different tenants.
Host-facing Interface Configuration:
A. Host-facing interfaces must be configured using a service-provider style configuration:This is correct. In mac-vrf configurations, host-facing interfaces (those connecting end devices) typically follow a service-provider style configuration, where each customer or tenant's traffic is isolated even if overlapping VLAN IDs are used.
B. Host-facing interfaces must be configured using enterprise-style configuration:This is incorrect for mac-vrf instances because enterprise-style configurations are more common in simpler, less segmented networks.
Routing Instance Service Type:
D. The routing-instance service type can be VLAN-based:This is correct. The service type in mac-vrf can indeed be VLAN-based, which is particularly useful in scenarios where VLAN ID overlap is needed between different tenants or services.
Data Center References:
The mac-vrf instance type is powerful for handling complex multi-tenant environments in EVPN-VXLAN, especially when dealing with overlapping VLAN IDs across different segments of the network.
Question # 7
| You are adding a server lo a tenant's network within your data center and must limit access to a specific traffic type within the tenant network without pushing all tenant traffic through a firewall.
What will satisfy this requirement? | | A. Use route leaking with EVPN and a routing policy. | | B. Use filter-based forwarding. | | C. Put the new server on a unique subnet within the tenant's network. | | D. Use a static route in the tenant VRF with a firewall as the next hop for traffic to the new server. |
B. Use filter-based forwarding.
Explanation:
Controlling Traffic Within a Tenant's Network:
The requirement is to limit access to specific traffic types within a tenant’s network without routing all tenant traffic through a firewall. This requires a selective method that can direct specific types of traffic to different paths based on the nature of the traffic.
Filter-Based Forwarding (FBF):
FBF is a technique that allows for routing decisions based on filters applied to the traffic, such as matching on source IP addresses, destination IP addresses, or even specific application types (like HTTP or FTP). This allows specific types of traffic to be forwardedto a specific next hop (e.g., a firewall) without affecting the entire traffic flow within the tenant's network.
Conclusion:
Option B:Correct—Filter-based forwarding allows for granular control of traffic, ensuring that only specific types of traffic within the tenant's network are redirected through a firewall, satisfying the requirement.
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