Question # 1
What are two consequences of having all network devices in a single collision domain? (Choose two.)
| | A. The amount of network resource consumption does not change. | | B. The chance of packet collision is decreased. | | C. The chance of packet collision is increased. | | D. The amount of network resource consumption is increased. |
C. The chance of packet collision is increased.
D. The amount of network resource consumption is increased.
Explanation:
Acollision domainis a network segment where data packets can "collide" with one another when being sent on the same network medium.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Increased Collision Probability:If all devices are in asingle collision domain, the likelihood of packet collisions increases as more devices attempt to send packets simultaneously, leading to network inefficiencies.
Increased Resource Consumption:More collisions result inincreased network resource consumptionas devices need to retransmit packets, causing higher utilization of bandwidth and slowing down network performance.
Juniper Reference:
Collision Domains: Proper network segmentation using switches reduces collision domains, thereby improving network performance and reducing packet collisions.
Question # 2
| You want to enable a Junos device to support aggregated Ethernet interfaces. In this scenario, which configuration hierarchy would you use? | | A. [edit switch-options] | | B. [edit system] | | C. [edit interfaces] | | D. [edit chassis] |
D. [edit chassis]
Explanation:
To configureaggregated Ethernet (AE) interfaceson a Junos device, the configuration is done under the[edit chassis]hierarchy.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Chassis Configuration:Thechassisconfiguration is responsible for enabling the hardware to supportLink Aggregation Groups (LAGs), allowing multiple physical interfaces to be bundled into a single logical interface for load balancing and redundancy.
Command Example:
set chassis aggregated-devices ethernet device-count
This command enables a specific number of aggregated Ethernet interfaces on the device.
Juniper Reference:
LAG Configuration in Junos: Thechassishierarchy is used to allocate and manage hardware resources for aggregated Ethernet interfaces in Juniper devices.
Question # 3
| When considering bidirectional forwarding detection, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.) | | A. The BFD default minimum interval is 3. | | B. You can configure BFD per interface within the protocol stanza. | | C. The BFD operation always consists of minimum intervals and multipliers. | | D. The BFD default multiplier is 5. |
B. You can configure BFD per interface within the protocol stanza.
C. The BFD operation always consists of minimum intervals and multipliers.
Explanation:
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)is a protocol used to detect faults in the forwarding path between two routers. It provides rapid failure detection, enhancing the performance of routing protocols like OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Per Interface Configuration:BFD can be configured on aper-interfacebasis within the protocol stanza (e.g., OSPF, BGP). This allows granular control over where BFD is enabled and the failure detection intervals for specific interfaces.
Minimum Interval and Multiplier:BFD uses aminimum interval(the time between BFD control packets) and amultiplier(the number of missed packets before the path is declared down). The combination of these two defines the detection time for failures.
Juniper Reference:
BFD Configuration: In Juniper, BFD is configurable within routing protocol stanzas, with the failure detection mechanism always based on minimum intervals and multipliers.
Question # 4
| Which state in the adjacency process do OSPF routers check the MTU size? | | A. Init | | B. Exchange | | C. Done | | D. ExStart |
B. Exchange
Explanation:
In OSPF, routers exchange link-state information in different stages to establish full adjacency. TheMTU sizeis checked during theExchangestate.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
OSPF Adjacency Process:
OSPF routers go through multiple stages when forming an adjacency:Down,Init,2-Way,ExStart,Exchange,Loading, andFull.
Exchange State:
During theExchangestate, OSPF routers exchangeDatabase Description (DBD)packets to describe their link-state databases. TheMTU sizeis checked at this stage to ensure both routers can successfully exchange these packets without fragmentation.
If there is anMTU mismatch, the routers may fail to proceed past the Exchange state.
Juniper Reference:
MTU Checking in OSPF: Junos uses the Exchange state to check for MTU mismatches, ensuring that routers can properly exchange database information without packet fragmentation issues.
Question # 5
| Which statement is correct about an IRB interface? | | A. An IRB interface switches traffic within the same VLAN. | | B. An IRB interface trunks together VLANs on different switches. | | C. An IRB interface is a physical Layer 3 interface that connects VLANs together. | | D. An IRB interface is a Layer 3 interface that can be used to route between VLANs. |
D. An IRB interface is a Layer 3 interface that can be used to route between VLANs.
Explanation:
AnIRB (Integrated Routing and Bridging)interface provides routing functionality between VLANs at Layer 3, allowing devices in different VLANs to communicate with each other.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
IRB Functionality:
The IRB interface enables routing between different VLANs by acting as a Layer 3 gateway. Traffic within the same VLAN is handled by Layer 2 switching, while traffic between VLANs is routed through the IRB interface.
Layer 3 Routing Between VLANs:
Each VLAN can be assigned an IP address on the IRB interface, which allows traffic to flow between VLANs based on Layer 3 IP routing.
Juniper Reference:
IRB Interface Configuration: Juniper supports IRB for inter-VLAN routing on devices like the EX and QFX series switches, facilitating Layer 3 communication in data centers.
Question # 6
| Which signaling protocol is used for EVPN? | | A. OSPF | | B. PIM | | C. IS-IS | | D. BGP |
D. BGP
Explanation:
EVPN (Ethernet Virtual Private Network)is a standard protocol used for building Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPNs over an IP or MPLS network. Thesignaling protocolused for EVPN isBGP(Border Gateway Protocol).
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
BGP as the EVPN Signaling Protocol:EVPN uses BGP to exchange MAC address reachability information between routers (PE devices). This enables devices to learn which MAC addresses are reachable through which PE devices, facilitating Layer 2 forwarding across an IP or MPLS core.
BGP Extensions for EVPN:BGP is extended with new address families (e.g., EVPN NLRI) to carry both MAC and IP address information, allowing for scalable and efficient multi-tenant network solutions.
Juniper Reference:
Junos EVPN Configuration: Juniper uses BGP as the control plane for EVPN to exchange MAC and IP route information between different data center devices.
Question # 7
| Which two statements are correct about rules for EBGP and IBGP? (Choose two.) | | A. EBGP peers have a TTL of 1, while IBGP peers have a TTL of 255. | | B. EBGP peers have a TTL of 255, while IBGP peers have a TTL of 1. | | C. EBGP routes are more preferred than IBGP routes. | | D. IBGP routes are more preferred than EBGP routes. |
A. EBGP peers have a TTL of 1, while IBGP peers have a TTL of 255.
C. EBGP routes are more preferred than IBGP routes.
Explanation:
EBGP (External BGP)andIBGP (Internal BGP)operate with different rules due to the nature of their relationships.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
TTL Differences:
EBGP: By default, EBGP peers have a TTL of 1, meaning they must be directly connected, or the TTL needs to be manually increased for multihop EBGP.
IBGP: IBGP peers within the same AS have a TTL of 255, as they are expected to communicate over multiple hops within the AS.
Preference for EBGP Routes:
Routes learned viaEBGPare typically preferred over IBGP routes. This is because EBGP routes are considered more reliable since they originate outside the AS, while IBGP routes are internal.
Juniper Reference:
BGP Configuration: The different handling of TTL and route preferences between EBGP and IBGP ensures proper route selection and security within Junos-based networks.
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