Question # 1
| What is always required to establish a high quality 2.4 GHz RF link at a distance of 3 miles (5 kilometers)? | | A. Minimum output power level of 2 W | | B. Grid antennas ateach endpoint | | C. A minimum antenna gain of 11 dBi at both endpoints | | D. A Fresnel Zone that is at least 60% clear of obstructions |
D. A Fresnel Zone that is at least 60% clear of obstructions
Explanation:
What is always required to establish a high quality 2.4 GHz RF link at a distance of 3 miles (5 kilometers) is a Fresnel Zone that is at least 60% clear of obstructions. The Fresnel Zone is an elliptical-shaped area around the line-of-sight path between two antennas that reflects and refracts the RF waves. The Fresnel Zone radius depends on the frequency of the RF signal and the distance between the antennas. For optimal performance, the Fresnel Zone should be at least 60% clear of any obstructions that may cause interference, attenuation, or multipath fading. The minimum output power level, antenna gain, and antenna type may vary depending on the environmental conditions and regulatory constraints, but they are not always required for a high quality RF link.
References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 75; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 65.
Question # 2
| In addition to coverage analysis results, what should be included in a post-deployment site survey report to ensure WLAN users experience acceptable performance? | | A. WAN interface analysis results | | B. Capacity analysis results | | C. Application Layer protocol availability analysis results | | D. Layer 4 protocol availability analysis results |
B. Capacity analysis results
Explanation:
In addition to coverage analysis results, what should be included in a post-deployment site survey report to ensure WLAN users experience acceptable performance is Capacity analysis results. Capacity analysis is a method of testing the ability of the WLAN to support the expected number and type of users, devices, and applications. Capacity analysis can help to determine the optimal number and placement of access points, the appropriate channel and power settings, the required QoS policies, and the expected throughput and latency levels. Capacity analysis results can help to verify that the WLAN meets the performance requirements and service level agreements (SLAs) of the organization. References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 548; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 518.
Question # 3
| What primary metric of scanning can stations use to select the best AP for connectivity to the desired BSS? | | A. Signal strength of AP beacons received. | | B. PING latency when testing against an Internet server. | | C. Throughput speed in Mbps. | | D. FCS errors in frames transmitted to and from the AP. |
A. Signal strength of AP beacons received.
Explanation:
When a station scans for available wireless networks, it listens for beacon frames sent by APs. A beacon frame contains information about the BSS, such as SSID, supported rates, channel, security, etc. The station also measures the signal strength of the beacon frames, which indicates how well the station can communicate with the AP. The signal strength is usually expressed in dBm or RSSI units. The higher the signal strength, the better the connection quality and performance. Therefore, the station can use the signal strength of AP beacons as the primary metric to select the best AP for connectivity to the desired BSS12. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 6: Wireless LAN Devices and Topologies, page 249; CWNA-109Study Guide, Chapter 6: Wireless LAN Devices and Topologies, page 243.
Question # 4
| You administer a small WLAN with nine access point. As a small business, you do not rum a RADIUS server and use WPA2-Personal for security. Recently, you changed the passphrase for WPA2-personal in all Aps and clients. Several users are now reporting the inability to connect to the network at time and it is constrained to one area of the building. When using scanner, you see that the AP covering that area is online | | A. The AP that covers the problem area requires a firmware update | | B. The clients are improperly configured | | C. The AP that covers the problem area has failed | | D. The AP that covers the problem area is improperly configured |
B. The clients are improperly configured
Explanation:
This is because the passphrase for WPA2-Personal is case-sensitive and must match exactly on both the AP and the client. If the passphrase is entered incorrectly on the client, the client will not be able to authenticate with the AP and connect to the network. The AP that covers the problem area is not likely to require a firmware update, fail, or be improperly configured, as it is online and works with other clients that have the correct passphrase. To troubleshoot this issue, you can check the passphrase settings on the clients and make sure they matchwith the AP. You can also try to reconnect the clients to the network or reboot them if necessary. For more information on how to configure WPA2-Personal on your router
Question # 5
| What statement is true concerning the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation method in IEEE 802.11 WLANs? | | A. OFDM implements BPSK modulation to allow for data rates up to 7 Gbps. | | B. OFDM was first introduced in 802.11a and is used by the ERP, HT and VHT PHYs as well. | | C. OFDM modulation is used only in 5 GHz 802.11 transmissions. | | D. OFDM was used by Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) PHY devices. |
B. OFDM was first introduced in 802.11a and is used by the ERP, HT and VHT PHYs as well.
Explanation:
OFDM is a modulation method that divides the channel bandwidth into multiple subcarriers, each carrying a single data symbol. This allows for higher data rates and more robust transmissions in multipath environments. OFDM was first introduced inthe 802.11a standard, which operates in the 5 GHz band and supports data rates up to 54 Mbps. Later, the 802.11g standard adopted OFDM for the 2.4 GHz band, and the 802.11n and 802.11ac standards enhanced OFDM with features such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), channel bonding, and higher-order modulation schemes to achieve data rates up to 600 Mbps and 6.9 Gbps, respectively. These standards are collectively known as the ERP (Extended Rate PHY), HT (High Throughput), and VHT (Very High Throughput) PHYs .
References: [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 4: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 163; [CWNA-109Study Guide], Chapter 4: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 157.
Question # 6
| What frame type is used to reserve the wireless medium for the transmission of high data rate frames that may not be understood by all clients connected to the BSS? | | A. RTS | | B. ACK | | C. Beacon | | D. PS-Poll |
A. RTS
Explanation:
The frame type that is used to reserve the wireless medium for the transmission of high data rate frames that may not be understood by all clients connected to the BSS is RTS. RTS stands for Request to Send and is a control frame that is sent by a station to request access to the medium for a specified duration. The RTS frame contains the source and destination MAC addresses, as well as a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) value that indicates how long the medium will be occupied. The destination station responds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame that echoes the NAV value and grants permission to the source station. All other stations in the BSS hear either the RTS or CTS frame and update their NAV timers accordingly, deferring their transmissions until the medium is free. The RTS/CTS mechanism can be used to prevent hidden node problems, reduce collisions, and protect high data rate frames that use features such as 802.11n or 802.11ac that may not be compatible with legacy stations. ACK, Beacon, and PS-Poll are not used to reserve the medium for high data rate frames.
References:
[CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 112; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: ExamCWNA-109], page 102.
Question # 7
| What 802.11 PHY uses available space in very low frequency ranges that is not in use at the time by broadcast video signals? | | A. DMG | | B. SIG | | C. DSSS | | D. TVHT |
D. TVHT
Explanation:
TVHT stands for Television Very High Throughput and it is a PHY defined by the 802.11af amendment. It uses the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum in the VHF and UHF bands between 54 and 790 MHz, which are not in use by broadcast video signals at the time. It can provide long-range and low-power connectivity for WLAN devices.
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