Question # 1
The configuration allows a wired or wireless network interface controller to pass all traffic it
receives to the Central Processing Unit (CPU), rather than passing only the frames that the
controller is intended to receive. Which of the following is being described? | | A. Multi-cast mode | | B. Promiscuous mode | | C. WEM | | D. Port forwarding |
Question # 2
You have been hired as an intern at a start-up company. Your first task is to help set up a basic web server for the company’s new website. The team leader has asked you to make sure the server is secure from common - threats. Based on your knowledge from studying for the CEH exam, which of the following actions should be your priority to secure the web server? | | A. Installing a web application firewall | | B. limiting the number of concurrent
connections to the server | | C. Encrypting the company’s website
with SSL/TLS | | D. Regularly updating
and patching the server software |
D. Regularly updating
and patching the server software
Explanation: One of the most important actions to secure a web server from common threats is to regularly update and patch the server software. This includes the operating system, the web server software, the database software, and any other applications or frameworks that run on the server. Updating and patching the server software can fix known vulnerabilities, bugs, or errors that could be exploited by attackers to compromise the server or the website. Failing to update and patch the server software can expose the server to common attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, remote code execution, denial-of-service, etc.
Installing a web application firewall, limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server, and encrypting the company’s website with SSL/TLS are also good practices to secure a web server, but they are not as critical as updating and patching the server software. A web application firewall can filter and block malicious requests, but it cannot prevent attacks that exploit unpatched vulnerabilities in the server software. Limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server can prevent overload and improve performance, but it cannot stop attackers from sending malicious requests or payloads. Encrypting the company’s website with SSL/TLS can protect the data in transit between the server and the client, but it cannot protect the data at rest on the server or prevent attacks that target the server itself. Therefore, the priority action to secure a web server from common threats is to regularly update and patch the server software.
References: Web Server Security- Beginner’s Guide - Astra Security Blog Top 10 Web Server Security Best Practices | Liquid Web 21 Server Security Tips & Best Practices To Secure Your Server - phoenixNAP
Question # 3
What is the minimum number of network connections in a multihomed firewall? | | A. 3 | | B. 5 | | C. 4 | | D. 2 |
Question # 4
A security analyst is performing an audit on the network to determine if there are any
deviations from the security policies in place. The analyst discovers that a user from the IT
department had a dial-out modem installed.
Which security policy must the security analyst check to see if dial-out modems are
allowed? | | A. Firewall-management policy | | B. Acceptable-use policy | | C. Permissive policy
| | D. Remote-access policy |
Question # 5
What would you enter if you wanted to perform a stealth scan using Nmap? | | A. nmap -sM | | B. nmap -sU | | C. nmap -sS | | D. nmap -sT |
Question # 6
Harry. a professional hacker, targets the IT infrastructure of an organization. After
preparing for the attack, he attempts to enter the target network using techniques such as
sending spear-phishing emails and exploiting vulnerabilities on publicly available servers.
Using these techniques, he successfully deployed malware on the target system to
establish an outbound connection. What is the APT lifecycle phase that Harry is currently
executing? | | A. Preparation | | B. Cleanup | | C. Persistence | | D. initial intrusion |
Explanation:
After the attacker completes preparations, subsequent step is an effort to realize an edge
within the target’s environment. a particularly common entry tactic is that the use of
spearphishing emails containing an internet link or attachment. Email links usually cause
sites where the target’s browser and related software are subjected to varied exploit
techniques or where the APT actors plan to social engineer information from the victim
which will be used later. If a successful exploit takes place, it installs an initial malware
payload on the victim’s computer. Figure 2 illustrates an example of a spearphishing email
that contains an attachment. Attachments are usually executable malware, a zipper or
other archive containing malware, or a malicious Office or Adobe PDF (Portable Document
Format) document that exploits vulnerabilities within the victim’s applications to ultimately
execute malware on the victim’s computer. Once the user has opened a malicious file
using vulnerable software, malware is executing on the target system. These phishing
emails are often very convincing and difficult to differentiate from legitimate email
messages. Tactics to extend their believability include modifying legitimate documents from
or associated with the organization. Documents are sometimes stolen from the
organization or their collaborators during previous exploitation operations. Actors modify
the documents by adding exploits and malicious code then send them to the victims.
Phishing emails are commonly sent through previously compromised email servers, email
accounts at organizations associated with the target or public email services. Emails also
can be sent through mail relays with modified email headers to form the messages appear
to possess originated from legitimate sources. Exploitation of vulnerabilities on publicfacing
servers is another favorite technique of some APT groups. Though this will be
accomplished using exploits for known vulnerabilities, 0-days are often developed or
purchased to be used in intrusions as required.
Gaining an edge within the target environment is that the primary goal of the initial
intrusion. Once a system is exploited, the attacker usually places malware on the
compromised system and uses it as a jump point or proxy for further actions. Malware
placed during the initial intrusion phase is usually an easy downloader, basic Remote Access Trojan or an easy shell. Figure 3 illustrates a newly infected system initiating an
outbound connection to notify the APT actor that the initial intrusion attempt was successful
which it’s able to accept commands.
Question # 7
You went to great lengths to install all the necessary technologies to prevent hacking
attacks, such as expensive firewalls, antivirus software, anti-spam systems and intrusion
detection/prevention tools in your company's network. You have configured the most
secure policies and tightened every device on your network. You are confident that hackers
will never be able to gain access to your network with complex security system in place.
Your peer, Peter Smith who works at the same department disagrees with you.
He says even the best network security technologies cannot prevent hackers gaining
access to the network because of presence of "weakest link" in the security chain.
What is Peter Smith talking about? | | A. Untrained staff or ignorant computer users who inadvertently become the weakest link in
your security chain | | B. "zero-day" exploits are the weakest link in the security chain since the IDS will not be
able to detect these attacks | | C. "Polymorphic viruses" are the weakest link in the security chain since the Anti-Virus
scanners will not be able to detect these attacks | | D. Continuous Spam e-mails cannot be blocked by your security system since spammers
use different techniques to bypass the filters in your gateway |
A. Untrained staff or ignorant computer users who inadvertently become the weakest link in
your security chain
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