Question # 1
| An attacker uses different types of password cracking techniques to crack the password and gain unauthorized access to a system. An attacker uses a file containing a list of commonly used passwords. They then
upload this file into the cracking application that runs against the user accounts. Which of the following password cracking techniques is the attacker trying?
| | A. Bruteforce | | B. Rainbow table | | C. Hybrid | | D. Dictionary |
D. Dictionary
Explanation:
The attacker is employing a Dictionary attack, which is a method where a file containing a list of commonly used passwords is used to attempt to gain unauthorized access to user accounts. This technique relies on the probability that many users will use common passwords that are easy to guess. It is more efficient than a brute-force attack since it uses a predefined list of words, rather than trying all possible combinations of characters.
Question # 2
| Which among the following filter is used to detect a SYN/FIN attack?
| | A. tcp.flags==0x002
| | B. tcp.flags==0x004
| | C. tcp.flags==0x003
| | D. tcp.flags==0x001
|
C. tcp.flags==0x003
Explanation:
The filter tcp.flags==0x003 is used to detect SYN/FIN attacks. This filter is designed to identify packets where both the SYN and FIN flags are set, which is an unusual combination and indicative of a potential SYN/FIN attack. In a typical TCP communication, a SYN flag is used to initiate a connection, and a FIN flag is used to gracefully close a connection. Therefore, seeing both flags set in a single packet suggests a malformed or malicious packet, which is characteristic of a SYN/FIN attack.
Question # 3
| Identity the correct order for a successful black hat operation. | | A. Reconnaissance. Scanning, Gaining Access. Maintaining Access, and Covering Tracks | | B. Scanning, Reconnaissance, Gaining Access. Maintaining Access and Covering Tracks | | C. Reconnaissance. Gaming Access, Scanning. Maintaining Access, and Covering Tracks | | D. Reconnaissance, Scanning, Gaining Access, Covering Tracks, and Maintaining Access |
B. Scanning, Reconnaissance, Gaining Access. Maintaining Access and Covering Tracks
Explanation:
The correct sequence for a black hat operation follows a structured approach that begins with Reconnaissance, where the attacker gathers preliminary data or intelligence on the target. Next is Scanning, where the attacker uses technical tools to understand the network and system vulnerabilities. Gaining Access is the phase where the vulnerabilities are exploited to enter the system or network. Maintaining Access involves establishing a persistent presence within the system, often for data exfiltration or additional exploitation. Finally, Covering Tracks is the phase where the attacker erases evidence of the intrusion to avoid detection.
References: This answer aligns with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which outlines the phases of cyber attacks in the context of network security and defense strategies.
Question # 4
| A stateful multilayer inspection firewall combines the aspects of Application level gateway, Circuit level gateway and Packet filtering firewall. On which layers of the OSI model, does the Stateful
multilayer inspection firewall works? | | A. Network, Session & Application | | B. Physical & application | | C. Session & network | | D. Physical, session & application |
A. Network, Session & Application
Explanation:
A stateful multilayer inspection firewall operates across multiple layers of the OSI model, specifically the Network, Session, and Application layers. It combines the features of packet filtering, circuit-level gateway, and application-level gateway firewalls. This type of firewall inspects the state and context of network traffic, ensuring that all packets are part of a known and valid session. It can make decisions based on the connection state as well as the contents of the traffic, providing a thorough inspection across these layers.
References: The information is consistent with the characteristics of stateful multilayer inspection firewalls as described in various sources, which confirm that they work across the Network, Session, and Application layers of the OSI model1234.
Question # 5
| Paul is a network security technician working on a contract for a laptop manufacturing company in Chicago. He has focused primarily on securing network devices, firewalls, and traffic traversing in and out of the
network. He just finished setting up a server a gateway between the internal private network and the outside public network. This server will act as a proxy, limited amount of services, and will filter packets. What is this
type of server called? | | A. Bastion host | | B. Edge transport server | | C. SOCKS hsot | | D. Session layer firewall |
A. Bastion host
Explanation:
The server described in the question is known as a Bastion host. A Bastion host is a special-purpose computer on a network specifically designed and configured to withstand attacks. It is typically placed in a network’s demilitarized zone (DMZ) and acts as a proxy server, offering limited services and filtering packets to protect the internal private network from the public network. It is hardened due to its exposure to potential attacks and usually hosts a single application, like a proxy server, while all other services are removed or limited to reduce the threat surface1.
References: The definition and role of a Bastion host align with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which emphasizes the importance of securing network devices and managing traffic between internal and external networks1
Question # 6
| Which of the following is an example of Indicators of Attack? | | A. Malware | | B. Signatures | | C. Exploits | | D. Remote code execution |
C. Exploits
Explanation:
Indicators of Attack (IOAs) are behaviors or actions that suggest an attacker’s intent to compromise a system. Unlike Indicators of Compromise (IOCs), which are evidence that an attack has already occurred, IOAs focus on the detection of attack attempts before they can cause harm. Exploits are a prime example of IOAs because they are tools or techniques used to take advantage of vulnerabilities in systems, often before any actual damage is done. This can include exploiting security holes, system weaknesses, or software bugs to gain unauthorized access or perform unauthorized actions.
References: The concept of IOAs, including the use of exploits as an example, aligns with cybersecurity best practices and the objectives of the Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The information provided is based on standard cybersecurity frameworks and the CND’s focus on understanding and identifying potential threats before they manifest into actual attacks123.
Question # 7
| George was conducting a recovery drill test as a part of his network operation. Recovery drill tests are conducted on the______________. | | A. Archived data | | B. Data in transit | | C. Backup data |
D.
Explanation:
Recovery drill tests are an essential part of disaster recovery planning. They are conducted on backup data to ensure that the data can be successfully restored in the event of a disaster. During these drills, the backup systems are tested to verify that they function correctly and that the data is intact and recoverable. This process helps organizations prepare for actual disaster scenarios and ensures that their backup solutions are effective and reliable.
References: The practice of conducting recovery drill tests on backup data is a standard procedure in disaster recovery and business continuity planning, as outlined in various IT and network security resources123.
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